The table shows index fossils. A 4 row table. Row 1, CENOZOIC ERA. It On the second day, the groups were fed the toxic diet (A. minutum). Lindstrm, Maurits Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Subspecies. State Geologists, 44th Ann. Copyright 1999 - 2023 State of Florida. We confirm that the sampling did not involve endangered or protected species. For full functionality of this site, please enable JavaScript. This major bloom contaminated many commercial bivalve species, leading to the closure of several productive shellfish areas, including a fishery for the great scallop (Pecten maximus), which represents the third most exploited species in Brittany in terms of financial value and the fourth in terms of fishery volume. Although closely related to larger bay scallops, calico scallops ( Argopecten gibbus) live in deeper, offshore waters along the east and west coasts of Florida. It would be interesting to investigate the impact of A. minutum on the valve responses of scallops over a longer period of exposure, to better evaluate this absence of effect at low-medium concentrations and possibly detect an impact after a few hours of exposure. REVERSAL OF PHOTOTROPISM IN A PARASITIC WATER MITE. Pecten gibbus ing of the land surface, sediments were deposited on the ocean floor. Material taken from Geologic Time by They swim by quickly opening and closing their shells, propelling themselves forward. We described the short-term response of P. maximus valve activity after exposure to three ecologically relevant concentrations of A. minutum by characterizing, under laboratory conditions, behavioural changes that may indicate the immediate impact of A. minutum on the great scallop. Passive acoustics presents many advantages compared to accelerometry, as it results in no stress for the animal due to handling and it can be performed on a large number of individuals and on mobile species. See text. ), Observations on the epifauna of the deep-water muds of the Clyde Sea area, with special reference to, Influence de la fixation pleurothtique sur la morphologie des mollusques acphales dimyaires: Paris, Thses prsentes la Facult des Sciences, The Tertiary and Quaternary pectens of California: U. S. Geol. The behavioural and physiological responses of bivalves may be related to the toxicity of compounds produced by the algae [12], the concentration of toxins accumulated in bivalve tissues [13], and the history of harmful algal bloom exposure in the ecosystem [14]. Geology, Geol. By the end of the Miocene, on the eastern side of the Americas, this variable species had split, giving rise to a primitive bay scallop, A. anteamplicostatus (Mansfield), that, like the living bay scallop (its phyletic descendant), was probably ecologically restricted to the semienclosed waters of bays and sounds, and to another species, A. vicenarius (Conrad), probably restricted to open marine waters like the living calico scallop. The King Scallop (Pecten maximus) is the second most valuable shellfish species landed in Scotland after Nephrops, valued around 23 million in 2015. PDF TF 1998 Geologic Time 1 - California Department of Conservation The Formation, Regeneration, and Transplantation of Eyes in Pecten Our website has detected that you are using an outdated insecure browser that will prevent you from using the site. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16. vii + 277. The primitive bay scallop was apparently unable to reach the Pacific, but the open-marine species seems to have given rise to both the Pacific A. purpuratus and the Atlantic calico scallop, A. gibbus. Thus far, accelerometry and passive acoustics do not seem to allow the detection of such concentrations in the water, but this approach should be continued to define the behavioural responses of P. maximus to A. minutum over a longer period of time and assess whether a response can be detected over time at a concentration of 10 000 cells L-1. II, Astartacea, Carditacea, Chamacea, p. 8199 (1926); 142-C, Pt. No significant effect was detected for swimming and displacement behaviors with both accelerometry and acoustic methods, even at high concentration (Wilcoxon tests, p > 0.05, Fig 4A5 and 4B6). Furthermore, they showed that the acoustic characteristics of scallop expulsion are distinctive from any sound produced by other known benthic organisms, indicating that this behaviour is potentially interesting as indicator of changes in the environment. A number of dinoflagellate species, including those of the genus Alexandrium, produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, which can be an important source of marine toxins accumulated by bivalves. Biological evolution and phylogeny: Known in the Cretaceous period to the Quaternary period. At low concentrations (5 000 and 10 000 cells L-1), no significant effect was detected on the valve behaviour of P. maximus compared to the control exposures during the 2 hours of exposure. Your email address will not be published. A derivative of dynamic body acceleration, the vector sum of dynamic body acceleration (VeDBA), was calculated from tri-axial acceleration data as VeDBA = (ax2 + ay2 + az2). The evolution of the Argopecten gibbus stock (Mollusca:Bivalvia) with emphasis on the tertiary and quarternary species of eastern North America. The answer to can you eat raw scallops is emphatically, 100 percent yes. 06.03 Origin and Evolution of Life CS.pptx, Peak Solutions College of Commerce, Lahore, earth space science 06.03 Origin and Evolution of Life.docx, origin_evolution_life_activity(Corrected).doc, Spring Final Exam Review, Part One (On-Level) - Completed.pdf, Copy of DATA CRUNCH_ How Easy Is It To Get A Loan_.docx, COCA-COLA COMPANY AN INTERNATIONAL CULTURES.doc, Q 2 What is the reason to select this key Ans 1 The key is B Vaginal bleeding, Final project submission Statistics report..docx, The kidneys do not reabsorb filtered waste products FALSE.docx, 546 DO DREAMS TROUBLE YOU AT NIGHT Yes dreams trouble or No dreams dont WHAT, Becoming_excerpt_English_1110_McCormick.docx, Example Tirunelveli halwa Dindugal locks Sivakasi crackers Kancheepuram sarees, TOP Discipline Physiology MSC Organ System Gastrointestinal 9 Mrs G is 7 months, 03_01_virtual_cell_division_lab_report.docx, Finding yourself how social identity affects leadership.pdf, John is paid weekly and his employment has been terminated after 4 years The, (Week 2) Alexus Thrasher Epidemiology 91822.pdf. At least one other species, Argopecten circularis, is commonly called a calico scallop and is harvested in the Republic of Panama. Species Parent. There are more than 400 species of scallops found around the world. The evi- dence for the pre-existence of ancient mountain ranges lies in the eroded rock debris. 2, The function of zigzag de-flexions in the commissures of fossil brachiopods. Nat. Common Ancestors include: The Argo pecten Gibbus stock include the bay and scallops, Argo pecten irradians. 22 December 2017. Texas A&M Press, Colleg. Cul Es La Evolucin Biolgica De Pecten Gibbus? - Expertases Use some method to mark the exact location at a 200 m scale-bar resolution; maybe print out the map, or if you use, Examine the phylogenetic tree. Similar increases in valve activity following exposure to toxic dinoflagellates have been described in oysters and clams [14, 16, 1821, 23, 41]. Acoustic recordings were acquired continuously using four HTI-92-WB hydrophones (High Tech Inc.), one in each experimental tank (Fig 1), with a sensitivity of -155 dB re 1 V/Pa and a flat frequency response over the range of 2 Hz to 50 kHz. Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions. On the other hand, when exposed to Alexandrium sp., several bivalve species, including oysters, clams, and mussels, react with a decrease in valve gape [18, 22]. The living members of the Argopecten gibbus stock include the bay and calico scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck) and A. gibbus (Linn), both common in the western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico; the less common A. nucleus (Born) of the Caribbean, southern Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, and southeastern Florida; and the common A. circularis (Sowerby) and A. purpuratus (Lamarck) of the eastern Pacific. How fossil evidence supports the theory of evolution? Genetic distances between these species were estimated using both allozyme electrophoresis and mitochondrial DNA . 06.03 Origin and Evolution of Life: Pecten Gibbus, Sharp scales located on the lower surface of this fossils ribs, describe any known or theorized behavioral characteristics, describe its biological evolution and phylogeny. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160935, Editor: Hans G. Dam, University of Connecticut, UNITED STATES, Received: April 12, 2016; Accepted: July 27, 2016; Published: August 10, 2016. Paleontologists can determine the age of fossils using methods like radiometric dating and categorize them to determine the evolutionary relationships between organisms. On the first day of the experiment, each group was fed the control diet (H. triquetra) at the specified concentration. At the concentration of 500 000 cells L-1, the total number of valve movements and the number of expulsion events were acoustically significantly different from controls. Trials were performed separately for each individual. Summary of detected movement number found by both accelerometer and acoustics methods for each recording. Nat. All water parameters were controlled on a daily basis by the aquariology team of Ocanopolis. Pecten gibbus Name Synonyms Aequipecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Chlamys gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Ostrea gibba (Linnaeus, 1758) Pecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Homonyms Pecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) . A. eboreus, a common scallop on the eastern side of the Americas in the Miocene and Pliocene, represents a highly variable yet morphologically persistent lineage that neither split nor gave rise phyletically to other species and that became extinct during the early Pleistocene. Studies of the Niantic River, Connecticut, with special reference to the bay scallop, Aequipecten irradians: Shell morphology in the larval and postlarval stages of the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin), Revision de quelques Pecten des mers d'Europe, Post-Miocene stratigraphy and morphology, outer coastal plain, southeastern Virginia, Office of Naval Res., Geography Br., Tech. The typical life span of a calico scallop, 18 months, is longer than that of a bay scallop and some . These fossils are from the Miocene epoch, between 5 and 25 million years old. 5 (Contract NONR, Shell structure of west American Pelecypoda, Observations on some structural features of the pelecypod shell. IX, Index to chapters A-H, p. 657709 (1950), Additions to the molluscan fauna of the Alum Bluff group of Florida, Pelecypoda, pt. As the accelerometer is glued to the upper (left/flat) valve of the scallop, pitch angle variations were used as a proxy of the angle of shell opening/closing and roll angle variations as a proxy of shell movement or rotation. Moreover, for real-time monitoring, these loggers usually require connecting cables, which limit this technique to sessile species. K. Danske Vidensk. 3, On some fossil and recent shells of the United States, Descriptions of a new genus, and of twenty-nine new Miocene, and one Eocene fossil shells of the United States. 5 of, Results of the Puritan-American Museum of Natural History Expedition to western Mexico: Am. When the shell opens, the lowest valve does not move and the pitch angle decreases in proportion to the opening angle of the shell. Pecten (Genus) Pecten gibbus (Species) Status unaccepted (misapplication) Accepted Name. Butcher}, journal={The Biological Bulletin}, year={1930}, volume={59}, pages={154-164} } Philippi, R. A. They pump water across gills to filter out food particles and use their large adductor muscle to open or close their shells. and D.K. PLoS ONE 11(8): day 1: scallops fed with H. triquetra, day 2: scallops fed with H. triquetra) would control for possible time effect between the two diet treatments. an ancestor that had some features now shared by both Archaea and Eukarya an Archaean similar or identical to Pyrodicticum a. To compare the effect of the concentration (for example comparison between high vs medium vs low concentrations of toxic algae for the total number of movements), a Welchs ANOVA test was applied. Previous studies have highlighted the ability of Alexandrium blooms to impact the valve activity of oysters (Crassostrea virginica and Crassostrea gigas), quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria), and mussels (Perna viridis) [18, 22, 23]. Leptodus americanus, Permian Period, 300-250 mya . Your email address will not be published. This study highlighted that both swimming and displacement events were always detectable in acoustic recordings, unlike closures and expulsions that were the behaviors significantly different from the control at high concentrations. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2012-2023 On Secret Hunt - All Rights Reserved Each individual was assigned to a control treatment on the first day and then assigned to the matching toxic treatment on the second day. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. After approximately 1 minute of homogenization, sound was recorded for 2 hours, which corresponds to the time for observing a thin algal layer on the silicone plate as a result of algal sedimentation since the sea water exchange was turned off. Survey Prof. Paper 47, Microtextural variation in pelecypod shells, Search for the past, an introduction to paleontology, A report upon the scallop fishery of Massachusetts, including the habits, life history of, Upper Tertiary Arcacea of the mid-Atlantic coastal plain, Skr. Citation: Coquereau L, Jolivet A, Hgaret H, Chauvaud L (2016) Short-Term Behavioural Responses of the Great Scallop Pecten maximus Exposed to the Toxic Alga Alexandrium minutum Measured by Accelerometry and Passive Acoustics. Using an electronic digital computer, data were subjected to univariate and bivariate analyses, and samples were compared using machine-plotted, bivariate scatter diagrams, reduced major axes, and other graphical techniques. The Evolution of the Argopecten Gibbus Stock (Mollusca: Bivalvia), with The living Pacific A. circularis is morphologically primitive in that it resembles the Miocene species A. comparilis more than it does any of the later species on the eastern side of the Americas and is ecologically primitive in that it is broadly adapted and able to live both in bays and sounds and in open marine waters. Nat. Evolution at Work Darwin's Theories and Mollusks Sources About the Author Fossil Evidence. PDF NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BAY SCALLOpl - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Accelerometer data demonstrated that the expulsion number significantly increased with increasing A. minutum concentrations (Welchs ANOVA test, p = 0.003, Fig 4A2). However, no study of invertebrate sound production connected to harmful algal blooms has been conducted. Comparison of Pecten maximus movements (expulsion, displacement, closure, and swimming) obtained with A) passive acoustics and B) accelerometry. 3], Mus. Argopecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) - GBIF While bay scallop shells are solid in color, the upper shell of a calico scallop is a patchwork of red and pink. The data loggers were heat-sealed into a polyethylene film. Age, Size, Lifespan: Argopecten gibbus reaches 40 to 60 mm (1.6 to 2.4 inches) shell height and approximately 80 mm (3.2 inches) in shell length. Soc., 2nd Ann. When comparing accelerometer and acoustic data, we noted that a total of 45% of valve movements were detected in acoustic recordings. The hydrophones were suspended 15 cm above the bottom of each tank and linked to the acoustic recorder. The scallops natural sweetness is never on display so clearly as before its cooked. Ostrea gibba Linnaeus, 1758. name. Importantly, sound interference may be caused by boats or water conditions (rushing currents, waves, high winds), which makes passive acoustics somewhat more difficult to use offshore. Google Scholar. Influence of temperature on maturation and spawning, The development and external morphology of pelagic larval and post-larval stages of the bay scallop, Aequipecten irradians concentricus Say, reared in the laboratory, An account of some of the marine shells of the United States, Catalogue of the type specimens of fossil invertebrates in the Department of Geology, United States National Museum, sec. Methods that measure valve activity require bivalve-attached sensors and usually connected cables to data . The right, or lower, valve is convex and slightly overlaps the flat left, or upper, valve, which is flat. Monitoring such bivalve behaviours can prove information on the health of the shellfish and the water quality. This will tell you about how long (in years) that the seashell was with the mollusk before it either died or abandoned its shell. Arguably the rarest shell today is the Sphaerocypraea incomparabilis , a kind of snail with a dark shiny shell and an unusual boxy-oval shape and a row of fine teeth on one edge. 2, Die versteinerungen Wrttembergs, oder naturgetreue abbildungen der in den vollstandigsten sammlungen (Les ptrifications de Wurtemberg). Pecten (Plagioctenium) gibbus Dall p. 745: 1924: Chlamys (Plagioctenium) gibbus Woodring and et al. Acad. In a possible context of monitoring harmful algal blooms with passive acoustics method, the analysis of both the total number of valve movements and the number of expulsions would result in a stronger comparison before, during and after the bloom. They range from 70.6 to0.0 years old. Indian River Lagoon Species Inventory - Argopecten gibbus Ancient oyster and bay scallop shells from Sable Island, Genetical aspects of metrical growth and form in animals, Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells in FloridaNo. During its lifetime, a calico scallop will usually reproduce three to four times. Activities Complete the following activities: 1. Mickevich, M. F. Each scallop was equipped with an accelerometer on the upper valve. To associate acoustic signal production and spikes from accelerometer data with behavioural events, scallop movements were followed using synchronized video cameras (GoPro HERO2) and/or visual observations. The Aviculidae and their allies, Pectinidae of the Eastern Pacific by Gilbert Grau [a review], Brackish-water and marine assemblages of the Texas coast, with special reference to mollusks, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertbres, Systema naturae per regna tria naturae editio decima, reformata, Miocene gastropods and scaphopods of the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, Miocene pelecypods of the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida, Pliocene fossils from limestone in southern Florida, New Miocene gastropods and scaphopods from Alaqua Creek Valley, Florida, Stratigraphic significance of Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene Pectinidae in the southeastern United States, Notes on the upper Tertiary and Pleistocene mollusks of Peninsular Florida, Recherches sur la morphologie, l'histologie et la physiologie compares des muscles adducteurs des mollusques acphales, Sur quelques proprits spciales des muscles adducteurs des mollusques acphales en rapport avec leur disposition et leur structure, Mus. Only few recent studies examined the effects of harmful algal blooms on marine biological sound production. Has unequal wings 3. Argopecten gibbus Fig 3 shows a representative visualization of typical scallop valve movement types (expulsion, displacement, closure, and swimming) simultaneously obtained from acoustic (Fig 3A) and accelerometer (Fig 3B) recordings. Valve movements are closely related to vital activities, such as respiration, feeding, excretion, and moving. Bivalvia (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. On the Pacific coast of North America, P. : a fossil consisting of a stony mass that entered a hollow natural object (such as a bivalve shell) in the form of mud or sediment, was consolidated, and remained as a cast after dissolution of the mold. Marine and Freshwater Res. [31] recorded P. maximus valve movements to evaluate the potential use of these sounds in monitoring environmental changes. 620 S. Meridian St. Tallahassee, FL (850) 488-4676
Proof of ancient seas is, in part, from the marine fossils that accumulated with the bottom sediments. Two members of the scallop genus Pecten (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) occur in European waters. What are Bay Sea and calico varieties of? Sonderdruck Mitt. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Sci. For both diets at all concentrations, the accelerometer data showed that the continuous recordings of the scallop valve movements (Fig 2) were marked by long periods with a flat line (i.e., shell without movement) interspersed with more or less high pulses (i.e., shell closure of short duration). Argopecten gibbus Name Homonyms Pecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bibliographic References. (Tahitian strain) T-iso culture, a common aquaculture feed. This chapter discusses the neurobiology and behavior of the scallop. Methods that measure valve activity require bivalve-attached sensors and usually connected cables to data transfers, leading to stress animals and limit the use to sessile species. . For each individual, control and treatment recording sessions were run as much as possible at the same period of the day ( 1 h) between the two days. Indeck et al (2015) [29] showed that ambient noise levels were significantly higher during the non-harmful algal bloom years due to an abundance of snapping shrimp sounds and fish chorusing, whereas Wall et al (2015) [30] did not detect any effect of red tide on fish sound production. The typical life span of a calico scallop, 18 months, is longer than that of a bay scallop and some may live as long as 24 months. We are grateful to the chair Chorus for the utilisation of the tanks. Unoccupied shells and shell grit may be collected in other habitat protection and general use zones for non-commercial purposes. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Farris Bryant Building
In the "TertiaryFauna of Florida" (Dall, 1898), on the ground of integradation with the Jamaican scallop which Linnreus described as Ostrea gibba, he employs the name Pecten gibbus Linne with irradians as a subspecies. This is because scientists have discovered that a lot of mollusks produce about one new ridge every day. Sound duration varied between behaviours: swimming lasted the longest at approximately 2.5 0.8 s, followed by displacement (0.73 0.1 s), expulsion (0.1 0.02 s), and closure (0.01 0.005 s). The AXY-2 data loggers (Technosmart) are accelerometers with the ability to record acceleration in three axes (range 4 , 39.24 m s-2) at 25 Hz with 8-bit resolution onto a 1 Gb RA memory card. ASW,USA. The hydrophones were suspended at the centre of the tank 13 cm above the silicone plate. Argopecten gibbus Name Homonyms Pecten gibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) Bibliographic References. Afhandl., ser. Here, ax, ay, and az are dynamic acceleration values derived from raw x, y, and z acceleration data [37]. Three of them were used to run experiments with scallops. The animals were fed every 2 days with Isochrysis sp. Whats The Difference Between Dutch And French Braids? In this context, we recommend using these values in relative terms to compare sound production between behaviour types. However, this significant increase was not observed with acoustic data (Welchs ANOVA test, p = 0.58, Fig 4B2). Required fields are marked *. These four movement types were detected and characterized by accelerometry and acoustics, demonstrating its potential for monitoring scallop valve movements. Over the last few decades, toxic marine dinoflagellate blooms have become more frequent worldwide, inducing dramatic human health and economic effects [13]. The number of expulsion events detected by acoustics also significantly increased by a factor of 2 when exposed to A. minutum at 500 000 cells L-1 compared to the control diet H. triquetra (Wilcoxon test, p = 0.013, Fig 4B2). Pecten philippii Rcluz, 1853 accepted as Aequipecten commutatus (Monterosato, 1875) Rank. The acceleration data were processed using the FullDBA and BeFeatures packages within BEnergetix in the free R software [25]. . The tanks were equipped for long-term housing and continuously supplied with fresh filtered seawater from the Bay of Brest (temperature: 13.013.5C, salinity: 33.533.7). This genus is known in the fossil record from the Cretaceous period to the Quaternary period (age range: from 70.6 to 0.0 million years ago). Acoustic features varied between the different valve movement types. Nat. 526. The experiment was performed in an isolated room with no human activity or extraneous noise to limit disturbance of the scallops. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. We suggest you upgrade to a modern browser. 1. Royal d'Hist. Valve movement recorded by accelerometry. and its macrofauna, Intracoastal Waterway, Horry County, South Carolina, Paleoecology of the type Waccamaw (Pliocene?) Calico Scallops - General Information | FWC - Florida Fish And Pecten irradians Lamarck. A piece of Velcro (1 cm2) was glued to the upper (left/flat) valve of each scallop and to a sealed data logger using glue (Araldite 90 s epoxy, Huntsman Advanced Materials). Contains ridges 2. Including the memory card, the data loggers were a maximum size of 9.5 x 15 x 4 mm and had a mass under 2 g. The air inside the polyethylene film made the data logger neutrally buoyant in sea water. Di Iorio et al. These groups were validated with both video and accelerometer recordings. The shell of Pecten maximus is quite robust and is characterised by having ears of equal size on either side of the apex. Fossils are important evidence for evolution because they show that life on earth was once different from life found on earth today. Fossil Evidence - Phylum Mollusca After a two-week pelagic (open water) larval phase the juvenile scallops, commonly called spat, settle out of the water and attach to hard surfaces, usually older calico scallop shells. What is related to Pecten Gibbus? Collecting shells and shell grit is prohibited in national parks, nature reserves and Aboriginal areas. From the Cretaceous period to the Quaternary period. From these signals, we extracted two sound features following the methods described in [31]: received level (RL; in dB re 1 Pa root mean squared (rms)) and duration (T; s). Kellogg, Drew, and Belding use P. irradians. Several areas in Brittany, France, are subjected to yearly intense blooms of A. minutum. It lives an average of 20 months, with a maximum life expectancy of 24 months (Allen and Costello 1972). The majority of scallops are landed by dredgers, but approximately 5% of scallops are caught by hand-dive or passive fisheries ( Marine Scotland, 2018 ). Pecten_Gibbus - 06.03 Origin and Evolution of Life: Pecten This was indicated by an increase in closures and expulsion by a factor of about 2. In certain features of morphology, the A. gibbus lineage is convergent on the A. eboreus lineage, indicating that the extinct species may also have been restricted to open marine waters. Mtg. An edible saltwater clam, it is native to the northwest Atlantic from Cape Cod to the Gulf of Mexico . Hyperpolarizing and Depolarizing Receptor Potentials in the - Science For all exposure conditions, the order of behaviour type abundances were the same: closure > expulsion > displacement > swimming. A silicone plate (0.5 cm thick) on the bottom of the tank prevented sound emissions due to friction between hard body parts and the glass when animals moved.
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